John Henry Newman

History
History
Priestly ordination
Ordained by	Giacomo Filippo Fransoni
Date	30 May 1847
Place	Rome, Papal States
Cardinalate
Elevated by	Pope Leo XIII
Date	12 May 1879

His Eminence Saint

John Henry Newman

CO
His Eminence Saint; John Henry Newman; CO
Cardinal Deacon of San Giorgio in Velabro
	Photograph by Herbert Rose Barraud, c. 1885
Church	Catholic Church
Appointed	15 May 1879
Term ended	11 August 1890
Predecessor	Tommaso Martinelli
Successor	Francis Aidan Gasquet
Other post(s)	Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford; Provost of the Birmingham Oratory;
Orders
Ordination	13 June 1824 (Anglican deacon); 29 May 1825 (Anglican priest); 30 May 1847 (Catholic priest);
Created cardinal	12 May 1879; by Pope Leo XIII
Rank	Cardinal deacon
Personal details
Born	John Henry Newman; 21 February 1801; London, England
Died	11 August 1890 (aged 89); Edgbaston, Birmingham, England
Buried	Oratory Retreat Cemetery Rednal, Metropolitan Borough of Birmingham, West Midlands, England
Denomination	Church of England (1824–1845); Catholic Church (1845–1890);
Parents	John Newman (died 1824); Jemima Fourdrinier (1772–1836);
Education	Trinity College, Oxford
Motto	Cor ad cor loquitur; ('Heart speaks unto heart')
Signature
Coat of arms
Sainthood
Feast day	9 October (Catholic Church); 11 August (Church of England); 21 February (Episcopal Church);
Venerated in	Catholic Church; Church of England; Episcopal Church (United States);
Beatified	19 September 2010; Cofton Park, Birmingham, England; by Pope Benedict XVI
Canonized	13 October 2019; Saint Peter's Square, Vatican City; by Pope Francis
Attributes	Cardinal's attire, Oratorian habit
Patronage	Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham; poets
Shrines	Birmingham Oratory
	Philosophy career
Notable work	Apologia Pro Vita Sua; Tract 90; Grammar of Assent;
Era	19th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Aristotelianism; Augustinianism; Empiricism; Christian humanism;
Main interests	Faith and rationality; Religious epistemology; Historical theology; Christian apologetics; Philosophy of education; Liberal education;
Notable ideas	Development of doctrine; Primacy of conscience; Argument for conscience; Illative sense; Apologia;
	Preview warning: Page using Template:Infobox philosopher with unknown parameter "influences" Preview warning: Page using Template:Infobox philosopher with unknown parameter "influenced"
Ordination history
Ordained by
History
Priestly ordination
Ordained by	Giacomo Filippo Fransoni
Date	30 May 1847
Place	Rome, Papal States
Cardinalate
Elevated by	Pope Leo XIII
Date	12 May 1879

John Henry Newman CO (21 February 1801 – 11 August 1890) was an English theologian, academic, philosopher, historian, writer, and poet, first as an Anglican priest and later as a Catholic priest and cardinal, who was an important and controversial figure in the religious history of England in the 19th century. He was known nationally by the mid-1830s,^[11] and was canonised as a saint in the Catholic Church in 2019.

Originally an evangelical academic at the University of Oxford and priest in the Church of England, Newman was drawn to the high-church tradition of Anglicanism. He became one of the more notable leaders of the Oxford Movement, an influential and controversial grouping of Anglicans who wished to restore to the Church of England many Catholic beliefs and liturgical rituals from before the English Reformation. In this, the movement had some success. After publishing his controversial Tract 90 in 1841, Newman later wrote: "I was on my death-bed, as regards my membership with the Anglican Church."^[12] In 1845 Newman, joined by some but not all of his followers, officially left the Church of England and his teaching post at Oxford University and was received into the Catholic Church. He was quickly ordained as a priest and continued as an influential religious leader, based in Birmingham. In 1879, he was created a cardinal by Pope Leo XIII in recognition of his services to the cause of the Catholic Church in England. He was instrumental in the founding of the Catholic University of Ireland in 1854, although he had left Dublin by 1859. (The university in time evolved into University College Dublin.)^[13]

Newman was also a literary figure: his major writings include the Tracts for the Times (1833–1841), his autobiography Apologia Pro Vita Sua (1865–1866), the Grammar of Assent (1870), and the poem The Dream of Gerontius (1865),^[14] which was set to music in 1900 by Edward Elgar. He wrote the popular hymns "Lead, Kindly Light", "Firmly I believe, and truly", and "Praise to the Holiest in the Height" (the latter two taken from Gerontius).

Newman's beatification was proclaimed by Pope Benedict XVI on 19 September 2010 during his visit to the United Kingdom.^[15] His canonisation was officially approved by Pope Francis on 12 February 2019,^[16] and took place on 13 October 2019.^[17] He is the fifth saint of the City of London, after Thomas Becket (born in Cheapside), Thomas More (born on Milk Street), Edmund Campion (son of a London bookseller) and Polydore Plasden (of Fleet Street).^[18]^[19]

^ Burger, John (14 September 2019). "Prince Charles plans to attend Cardinal Newman's canonization". Archived from the original on 15 September 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
^ Joshua P. Hochschild, "The Re-Imagined Aristotelianism of John Henry Newman".
^ John Henry Newman, Empiricist Philosophy, and the Certainty of Faith, University of Oxford, 1974.
^ Parkinson 1988, p. 344
^ "John Henry Newman | "CATHOLICISM: The Pivotal Players"". Archived from the original on 6 November 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019 – via www.youtube.com.
^ Ward, Wilfrid Philip (1912). The Life of John Henry, Cardinal Newman: Based on His Private Journals and Correspondence, Volume 1. Longmans, Green, and Company. p. 472.
^ Chadwick, Owen (2002). Acton and History. Cambridge University Press. p. 124.
^ Pezzimenti, Rocco (2001). The Political Thought of Lord Acton: The English Catholics in the Nineteenth Century. Gracewing Publishing. p. 109.
^ ^a ^b Fr Raymond de Souza (10 October 2019). "How Benedict XVI and Leo XIII were inspired by Newman". Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "St. John Henry Cardinal Newman [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Archived from the original on 11 April 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
^ Gilley, p. 201
^ John Henry, Newman (1864). Apologia Pro Vita Sua. pp. Part 6, Article 1.
^ Martin, Brian (2001). John Henry Newman: his life and work. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 96–112. ISBN 978-0-8264-4993-1. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 4 May 2011.
^ Cite error: The named reference CEnc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Pope Beatifies Cardinal Newman as His UK Tour Ends (with video clip)". BBC News. 19 September 2010. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
^ Brockhaus, Hannah. "Pope Francis Approves Canonization of John Henry Newman". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
^ "Pope to Canonize Newman and Four Others on 13 October – Vatican News". www.vaticannews.va. 1 July 2019. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
^ Eamon Duffy, "Newman and the Limits of Literalism", The Tablet, 13 July 2019, p. 15.
^ John M. Wilkins, "Letters", The Tablet, 20 July 2019, p. 18.

[1] Burger, John (14 September 2019). "Prince Charles plans to attend Cardinal Newman's canonization". Archived from the original on 15 September 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2019.

[2] Joshua P. Hochschild, "The Re-Imagined Aristotelianism of John Henry Newman".

[3] John Henry Newman, Empiricist Philosophy, and the Certainty of Faith, University of Oxford, 1974.

[4] Parkinson 1988, p. 344

[5] "John Henry Newman | "CATHOLICISM: The Pivotal Players"". Archived from the original on 6 November 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019 – via www.youtube.com.

[6] Ward, Wilfrid Philip (1912). The Life of John Henry, Cardinal Newman: Based on His Private Journals and Correspondence, Volume 1. Longmans, Green, and Company. p. 472.

[7] Chadwick, Owen (2002). Acton and History. Cambridge University Press. p. 124.

[8] Pezzimenti, Rocco (2001). The Political Thought of Lord Acton: The English Catholics in the Nineteenth Century. Gracewing Publishing. p. 109.

[CH-9] Fr Raymond de Souza (10 October 2019). "How Benedict XVI and Leo XIII were inspired by Newman". Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.

[:0-10] "St. John Henry Cardinal Newman [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Archived from the original on 11 April 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2021.

[11] Gilley, p. 201

[12] John Henry, Newman (1864). Apologia Pro Vita Sua. pp. Part 6, Article 1.

[13] Martin, Brian (2001). John Henry Newman: his life and work. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 96–112. ISBN 978-0-8264-4993-1. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 4 May 2011.

[CEnc-14] Cite error: The named reference CEnc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Beatification-15] "Pope Beatifies Cardinal Newman as His UK Tour Ends (with video clip)". BBC News. 19 September 2010. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.

[16] Brockhaus, Hannah. "Pope Francis Approves Canonization of John Henry Newman". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2019.

[17] "Pope to Canonize Newman and Four Others on 13 October – Vatican News". www.vaticannews.va. 1 July 2019. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.

[18] Eamon Duffy, "Newman and the Limits of Literalism", The Tablet, 13 July 2019, p. 15.

[19] John M. Wilkins, "Letters", The Tablet, 20 July 2019, p. 18.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]